Skip to content
liz's doc
中文 English 日本語
ai
01-models-and-context
Context Engineering Tokens and Sampling Model Architecture: Dense vs. MoE Reasoning and Thinking
02-Agent
The Agent Loop and Tool Use MCP and Skills Memory and State Multi-Agent Orchestration Evaluation and Observability
03-applications-and-production
RAG and Retrieval-Augmented Generation Prompt Engineering and Structured Output Cost, Performance, and Reliability Security and Protection Production Checklist
compilers
01-lexical-analysis
Regular Expressions and Automata Lexer Design
02-syntax-analysis
Recursive Descent and LL Analysis LR Parsing AST Design and Error Recovery
03-semantic-analysis
Symbol Tables and Scopes Type Systems
04-intermediate-representation
SSA Form LLVM IR in Practice
05-optimization
Data Flow Analysis Classic Optimizations Register Allocation
06-code-generation
Instruction Selection Target Code and ABI
07-runtime
Garbage Collection Linking and Loading
08-compilation-technology-applications
JIT Compilation DSL Design Compile-Time Metaprogramming LSP and Language Servers
devops
Bluetooth Operations Manual Caddy Operations Manual Certificate Operations Manual Database Operations Manual Disk Operations Manual DNS Operations Manual Docker Operations Manual Git Operations Manual Grafana Operations Manual Helm Operations Manual Kubernetes Operations Manual Kernel Operations Manual Media Operations Manual mihomo Operations Manual Network Interface Operations Manual nftables Operations Manual Perforce Operations Manual Gentoo Package Management Handbook Prometheus Operations Manual SSH Operations Manual Storage Operations Manual systemd Operations Manual Tailscale Operations Manual
runbooks
wildwindstudio.com Certificate Auto-Renewal + Tencent Cloud CLB Rebinding wildwindstudio.com EdgeOne (EO) Operations Manual
distributed-systems
01-basic-theory
CAP and Consistency Models Time and Clocks Fault Models
02-consensus-protocols
Raft Paxos Consensus in Practice
03-replication-and-consistency
Replication Strategies Conflict Resolution Distributed Transactions
04-partitioning-and-routing
Consistent Hashing Sharding Strategies Dynamic Rebalancing
05-members-and-discovery
Failure Detection Gossip Protocol Service Discovery
06-distributed-storage
Distributed Read/Write Path Anti-Entropy and Data Repair Storage System Instances
07-messages-and-streams
Message Semantics Kafka Architecture Consumer Groups and Collaboration
08-observability
Distributed Tracing Metrics and Alerts
hardware
01-basic-electricity
Basic Physical Quantities and Laws DC Circuit Analysis
02-passive-components
Resistor Capacitor Inductors and Transformers
03-semiconductor
Band Theory and Doping PN Junction Diode BJT Bipolar Junction Transistor MOSFET (Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor) Power Device Overview
04-analog-circuits
Fundamentals of Amplifier Circuits Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp) Power Supply Circuits
05-digital-circuits
Logic Gates and Boolean Algebra Combinational Logic Circuits Sequential Logic Circuits
06-interfaces-and-communication
Logic Levels and Interface Physical Layers Serial Bus Protocols USB and Type-C PCIe and High-Speed Interconnects Display and Camera Interfaces
07-wireless-communications
WiFi and Bluetooth IoT Wireless Protocols
08-power-and-protection
Charging Protocols and Fast Charging Battery Technology Protection Circuits
09-embedded-systems
MCU Selection and Development Ecosystem Common Peripheral Circuits Sensors Storage Technologies
10-practices-and-tools
Measurement Instruments and Tools PCB Design Fundamentals Debug and Programming Interfaces
homelab
What Local Large Models Can Help With: Boundaries, Scenarios, and Automation Local LLM Deployment Notes Full-Stack Monitoring: Prometheus + Grafana + Loki + Tempo + Bark Home Network Architecture Documentation Network Failure Recovery Manual rathole + Caddy Intranet Penetration: A Complete Solution from CGNAT to Public HTTPS Server Lifecycle: Onboarding and Removal Software Stack Inventory System Drive Backup and Recovery Scheduled Tasks and Automated Scheduling
linux-kernel
01-process-management
task_struct and Process Lifecycle Scheduler Context Switch Signals and ptrace
02-memory-management
Virtual Memory VMA and Maple Tree Physical Memory Management Slab and kmalloc Page Reclaim and Swap
03-file-system
VFS — Virtual File System Layer Page Cache and I/O Filesystem Implementation VFS Advanced ZFS — Not Part of the Kernel, But Unavoidable NFS (Network File System) Temporary and Pseudo Filesystems
04-interrupts-and-clocks
Interrupt Subsystem Clocks and Timers Time Management
05-synchronization-mechanisms
Locking Mechanisms RCU (Read-Copy-Update) Synchronization Debugging
06-network-subsystem
Network Protocol Stack Overview TCP/IP Protocol Stack Netfilter and BPF/XDP Other Network Topics RDMA (Remote Direct Memory Access)
07-block-device-layer
Block Device Layer NVMe and Storage
08-ebpf-and-observability
eBPF Basics eBPF Program Types Tracing and Debugging
09-security-mechanisms
LSM and Access Control Kernel Hardening Crypto API and Storage Encryption
10-drivers-and-device-model
Device Model PCIe and USB Driver Model DRM and Graphics IOMMU and DMA API
11-kernel-development-and-build
Kbuild and Modules Debugging and Testing Live Patching
12-containers-and-primitives
Namespaces cgroup
13-kvm-and-virtualization
KVM Architecture KVM Memory and Device Virtualization QEMU and KVM Collaboration
14-power-management
cpufreq and cpuidle Suspend and Resume
networking
01-l2-data-link
Ethernet and MAC ARP and NDP Switching, Bridging, and VXLAN
02-l3-network-layer
IPv4 Protocol IPv6 Protocol ICMP and PMTUD Routing and BGP
03-l4-transport-layer
TCP UDP and QUIC Transport Layer Ports and NAT Traversal
04-DNS
DNS Protocol and Resolution DNSSEC and DNS Security DNS Privacy: DoH, DoT, DoQ, ODoH DNS Infrastructure
05-tls-and-pki
TLS 1.2 Handshake TLS 1.3 Handshake Certificates and PKI mTLS and Mutual Authentication
06-HTTP
HTTP/1.1 HTTP/2 HTTP/3 Reverse Proxy and Load Balancing REST and API Design WebSocket and SSE
07-proxy-protocol
Forward Proxy Transparent Proxy and TUN Proxy Protocol Comparison
08-vpn-and-tunnels
WireGuard Protocol Tailscale Architecture IPsec and IKEv2 Tunnel Technology Comparison
09-email-protocols
SMTP IMAP vs. POP3
10-real-time-communication
WebRTC Streaming Protocols MQTT
11-messages-and-events
Webhooks and Callbacks Message Queue Protocols
12-security-protocols
SSH Protocol OAuth2 and OpenID Connect Authentication Frameworks
13-network-diagnostics
tcpdump and Wireshark Network Troubleshooting Methodology Network Performance and Tuning
14-protocol-design-and-evolution
Binary Protocol Design Protocol Evolution and Compatibility
rust
01-ownership-and-borrowing
Ownership Model References and Borrowing Lifetime
02-type-system
Primitive Types and Memory Layout Enums and Pattern Matching Structs and Traits
03-advanced-generics-and-traits
Generics and Monomorphization Trait Objects and Dynamic Dispatch Associated Types and GATs
04-smart-pointers-and-memory
Box, Rc, Arc Cell, RefCell, Mutex: Interior Mutability Allocator and Memory Layout
05-error-handling
Result and Option Error Trait and Ecosystem
06-concurrency-and-asynchrony
Send and Sync Internal Mechanisms of async/await tokio Runtime Threads and Synchronization Primitives
07-unsafe-rust
Raw Pointers and FFI unsafe Blocks and the Soundness Contract Inline Assembly
08-macro-system
Declarative Macros (macro_rules!) Procedural Macros
09-cargo-and-build
Cargo.toml Deep Dive Conditional Compilation and cfg Workspace and Project Management
10-standard-library-depth
Iterator and Closures Collection Types Strings and Path
11-ffi-and-system-interaction
C ABI and bindgen Kernel Modules and no_std
12-async-ecosystem
Tower and Middleware tonic (gRPC)
systems-programming
01-elf-and-binary-formats
ELF File Format Dynamic Linking and ld.so Loading and Startup: _start → main
02-system-call-abi
x86-64 System Call ABI ARM64 System Call ABI Anatomy of glibc Syscall Wrappers
03-processes-and-memory
Process Memory Layout malloc Internals: ptmalloc2 ASLR and Security Hardening
04-signals-and-exceptions
User-Space Signal Handling ptrace and Debugging Interfaces
05-io-and-file-systems
Buffered I/O (stdio) io_uring: Revolutionary Asynchronous IO epoll and Event-Driven Programming
06-ipc-and-synchronization
futex: The Kernel Hop in Userspace Locks Pipes and socketpair Shared Memory and Semaphores
07-toolchain-and-compilation
GCC and Clang Internals Linker Scripts and Relocations Make / CMake / Meson Build Systems
08-performance-and-debugging
Deep Dive into perf Valgrind and Sanitizers in Practice ftrace and bpftrace User-Space Tracing
tools
chezmoi CLI Toolbox Ghostty My Toolchain Zsh Environment WezTerm Zellij
hyprland
Hyprland Ecosystem Overview Hyprland Configuration (Lua) Quickshell Shell Theme: matugen (Material You) Hyprland Companion Tools
nvim
Neovim Overview Neovim Plugins and Keybindings
Tags
liz's doc / hardware / 04-analog-circuits

hardware/04-analog-circuits

  • Fundamentals of Amplifier Circuits
  • Operational Amplifier (Op-Amp)
  • Power Supply Circuits
© 2026 liz's doc